The corrosion process of steel reinforcement is a complex electrochemical process, which ultimately leads to damage to the surrounding concrete and degradation of the entire structure. The proposed dissertation will focus on the study of corrosion products under various environmental conditions (pH, humidity, oxygen, corrosive substances) and their detailed microstructural, chemical and physical characterization. Advanced experimental methods such as electron microscopy, EDS and EBSD analyses and mechanical characterization using nanoindentation will be used. The determined characteristics will be used in modeling the corrosion process and structural damage at the level of the reinforced concrete element.